(Supposedly named after the restaurant "Imperial Viking" in the Imperial Hotel, the first restaurant in Japan to serve buffet-style meals and named after the US film The Vikings)Ī horizontal bar fixed across the front or back of a motor vehicle to reduce damage in a collision or as a trimĪccessible facilities for handicapped personsĪ bus hijacking (possibly based on the English term "carjack")īutter, sometimes used on food packaging for margarine
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Coupled with English or pseudo-English nouns that indicate what that something is e.g., version-up: upgrade (software), buy the next-better version or model of something, improve the appearance of something image-up: improve the image of, improve one's outward appearance "weight-up": to gain weight manner-up: improve one's manners, learn (proper/better) manners or etiquette power-up: an object that instantly benefits or adds extra abilities to a video game character base-up, level-up: take to the next or a higher (basic) level of quality also base-up (frequently abbreviated bea): to raise the base wage of the workersĪ freshwater bony fish of the family Osteoglossidae.
Reply to a question, solution to a problemĪpartment ( US), flat ( UK), though apāto are usually in small two-story wood-structure buildings, not multistory complexes as in the US usage (Steig)eisen (meaning 'climbing iron' or 'crampon')Īnimation, animated cartoons or films (although anime has been reborrowed into English with a meaning of "Japanese animation", in Japanese the term refers to all animation) In words composed of both a loan and native Japanese, the Japanese can function as a morpheme within a compound (and would generally be written in Kanji if possible), or can be attached to the foreign word to inflect or otherwise modify it, as if it were okurigana (which is written in hiragana).Ĭustomer service, user support, after-care, service Older loans may be written using ateji, with Kanji used to represent their phonetic readings without necessarily inheriting their meaning. Most loanwords (and all modern loans) are transcribed in katakana, a Japanese syllabary. Note: US = American English UK = British Englishĭue to the extent of Japanese borrowings, particularly from English, this list focuses mainly on pseudo-borrowings and commonly used loanwords from languages other than English (which are often mistaken for English words in Japan). left over as a baseball term for a hit that goes over the left-fielder's head, rather than uneaten food saved for a later meal as in English-or famikon ( ファミコン, from "family computer"), which actually refers to the Nintendo Entertainment System). In fact, many such terms, despite their similarity to the original foreign words, are not easily understood by speakers of those languages (e.g. Many loanwords are in fact pseudo-borrowings: despite their links to foreign language words, the word forms as used in modern Japanese are not used in the same way in their languages of origin. However, since the Japanese language has such strong historical ties to the Chinese language, these loans are not generally considered gairaigo. Japanese vocabulary also includes large numbers of words from Chinese, borrowed at various points throughout history. A few of them, such as " salaryman", have nevertheless been borrowed into English together with their Japanese meanings. These English words are informally referred to as having been "Nipponized". Due to the large number of western concepts imported into Japanese culture during modern times, there are thousands of these English borrowings. However, most come from English, the dominant world language today. Many of these loanwords derive from Portuguese, due to Portugal's early role in Japanese-Western interaction Dutch, due to the Netherlands' relationship with Japan amidst the isolationist policy of sakoku during the Edo period and from French and German, due to France and Germany's cultural and scientific prominence during Japan's modernization in the Meiji period. These include wasei-eigo (Japanese pseudo-Anglicisms). Gairaigo are Japanese words originating or based on foreign-language (generally Western) terms. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.